Senior Linux Systems Engineer or Linux Systems Administrator WSI Nationwide, Inc. US-NY-New York Post A Job | Post A Resume

by Joseph Pranevich

Well, the long wait is over and 2.2.0 has finally appeared for the masses. For the sake of history, Linux 2.2 was officially released on 1/25/99. As of this writing, the mainstream press has not caught on to the release so it is hoped that this will not get out too late to be useful to those folks. At this time, no distributions have announed dates as to when they will begin shipping 2.2.x kernels but it is reasonable to expect that there will be mainstream 2.2.x options by March. Submitted for your approval, my final i386 change summary. (I've now had three separate "final" versions, but I really mean it this time.) This document is intended as an expanded laundry list of new features and additions to the 2.2.x kernel, a major milestone in the history of Linux. -- Joseph Pranevich

Please note that this document does not cover all the new hardware that Linux supports. Many devices, such as scanners and printers, are handled exclusively in user space. Other devices, such as video cards and mice, are handled by a combination of user and kernel drivers. If you don't see a device class that you are interested in listed in this document, it is quite likely that Linux 2.2 supports it -- just not necessarily using the kernel to do so.

Also, I do not claim that everything in this document is PC. I believe that I am being fair and I have pulled some puches with respect to how I phrased certain portions. If you think that I should reword a certain portion so as not to offend someone, let me know but I will not make any promises.

1) Chips Galore

The world of Intel chips is a fast and interesting thing to follow, if you have nothing better to do. Merced, Celeron, MMX... the names of Intel technologies float past to be replaced by new cutting-edge technology. (Whether or not these technologies are worthwhile is a matter that I'm not even going to begin to try and debate.) In addition, AMD, Cyrix, and other companies have become solid competitors in the market and each have their own little optimizations, quirks, and bugs. It's a mess, to say the least.

Linux 2.2 will be the first stable Linux to support options for the various non-Intel processors in the kernel configuration tool. Perhaps even more importantly, Linux 2.2 (and later revisions of 2.0 for obvious reasons) supports bugfixes and workarounds for widespread processor bugs including the infamous F00F Pentium bug. Other bugs that can't be worked around, such as an AMD K6 sig11 bug, are reported during startup.

Merced hasn't arrived yet and probably isn't immediately forthcoming, but Linux 2.2 has already been ported to Sparc64, Alpha, and other 64-bit platforms so the infrastructure for a 64-bit native kernel is already happily in place. (There are, of course, other obstacles that would have to be overcome before Linux/Merced could be released but having a 64-bit ready kernel is an important step.)

Multiple-Processor machines now will operate much more efficiently than they did in Linux 2.0 with issues such as the global spinlock removed. Up to 16 processors are supported (the same as with 2.0) but the performance difference should be amazing. Also, there is now greater support for the IO-APIC on Intel boards that will make SMP generally better supported. And finally, it is now possible to specify a multi-processor configuration without ever leaving the kernel configuration tool.

In terms of other ports, Linux 2.2 will feature improved support for a large number of 'workstation' machines such as Sparc, Sparc64, and Alpha machines. As for 'desktop' machines, Linux 2.2 has been ported to Motorola's m68k and PPC processors and now can be expected to run on many of these platforms, including the Macintosh. (with varying degrees of hardware support, of course. Support for m68k Macs in particular is not ready for prime-time.) Linux is also moving to processors, such as ARM that are increasingly popular for embedded systems.

On somewhat of a tangent, there is continuing work to support a subset of the Linux kernel on 8086, 8088, 80186, and 80286 machines. This project will never integrate itself with Linux-proper but will provide an alternative Linux-subset operating system for these machines.

In terms of memory consumption, the average Linux 2.2 setup will require more memory than Linux 2.0. (Although a larger number of components can now be modularized or compiled-out to allow a system administrator more flexibility if memory is tight.) There is some debate as to what is the lower limit in terms of functionality with a text-only system but it should still be possible to have only 4 megs of RAM in many situations. (8 megs are still recommended.) On the bright side, Linux 2.2 includes a number of new optimizations that should actually improve the performance of machines with at least 16 megs of RAM. The more, the merrier.

2) System Busses and Assorted Ilk

Although somewhat less crucial and cutting edge, Linux 2.2 will support a larger proportion of the existing x86 computers with the addition of complete support for the Microchannel bus found on some PS/2s and older machines.

In addition to hundreds of minor patches to the bus system (including many new PCI device names), larger improvements have taken place. The PCI subsystem, in particular, has undergone several major changes. Firstly, the PCI device reporting interface has been changed and moved to allow for easier addition of new information fields. This particular change doesn't spell much of a difference for an end user but it makes the lives of developers much easier. Additionally, it is now possible to choose whether you want to scan your PCI bus using your compatible PCI BIOS or through direct access. This allows Linux 2.2 to work on a larger set of machines as several PCI BIOSes were incompatible with the standards and caused booting problems.

Sadly, there is still little kernel support for Plug-and-Play ISA devices. While that would be a great addition, there are some problems with the currently proposed systems that will need to be resolved sometime in 2.3 before inclusion. Fortunately enough, there happens to be a great user-level utility, isapnp, for setting up PnP devices that requires just a tad more work than we'd like but gets the job done in true Linux fashion.

Laptops and many workstations can also benifit from improved support for power management, including worksrounds for a number of incompatible BIOS implementations. Also new in 2.2 is the ability to use some functions of an APM BIOS on multi-processor systems.

3) IDE, and SCSI, and USB... Oh my!

As far as Linux IDE is concerned, not much obvious has changed for Linux 2.2. The most obvious change is that it is now possible to load and unload the IDE subsystem as a module, just like SCSI. (This also has the added bonus of allowing one to use a PnP-based IDE controller.) For less bleeding-edge machines, the updated IDE driver now supports older MFM and RLL disks and controllers without having to load an older version of the driver. Linux 2.2 now also has the ability to detect and configure all PCI-based IDE cards automatically, including the activation of DMA bus-mastering to reduce CPU overhead and improve performance. And finally, more drivers have been developed for controllers that are buggy or simply different. It's amazing how even excellent things can continue to get better.

Elsewhere in the IDE world, parallel port IDE devices have become more common and are now supported by Linux 2.2, for the most part. It is a good assumption that many devices that are not supported currently will be added as 2.2 progresses.

The SCSI subsystem's main improvements have been the addition of many new drivers for many new cards and chipsets. Too many, in fact, to even begin to name here.

PCMCIA adapters (or PC-card slots, as they are called now) are not supported in the standard Linux 2.2 but are supported by an external module provider. Thus, while not in the kernel, PCMCIA support will be included in most distributions.

IRDA support has also been added to the kernel although many controllers are not yet supported. As this feature was added only in the closing days of Linux 2.1 development, it may not be as generally usable as other, more mature, portions of the kernel.

Alas, there is some bad news here. Despite ongoing efforts by several parties to finish USB support, no support was included in time for a Linux 2.2 release. Several prominent developers have looked at USB support and it is likely that there will be some support before we get too far into Linux 2.2.x. (Alternatively, USB support could be provided through an external source in the same way that PCMCIA support is now.)

4) Ports: Parallel and Serial

Nothing much new on this front, Linux has always had incredible support for these basic building blocks. The parallel port driver has been rewritten with cross-platform issues in mind and thus what was once just a 'Parallel Port' is now a 'PC-Style Parallel Port' Functionality-wise, the only obvious change is that you can now effortlessly share a single parallel port device with multiple device drivers. (Note however that the naming convention used to label parallel ports has changed so you may find that your lp1 has become your lp0. Distributions should allow for this change automatically however.)

Serial support is chugging along as well as it always has but with one notable difference. Previously, a serial device such as a modem involved two devices, one for call-in and one for call-out. (ttyS and cua respectively) As of Linux 2.2, the two are combined in one device (ttyS) and accessing the cua devices now prints a warning message to the kernel log. On the bright side, Linux 2.2 includes support for having more than 4 serial ports, it allows serial devices to share interrupts, and it includes a number of drivers for non-standard ports and multi-port cards. My only complaint with serial support is its lack of support for the standard methods for modules to pass device parameters at module-load time via the modules.conf file and kmod. (Instead, these parameters are set using the 'setserial' command. Somewhat yuck.)

It should also be mentioned that Linux 2.2 will support newer UART chips than 2.0 which may translate into higher transfer rates using newer modems.

5) CD-ROMs, Floppies, and removable media

Thankfully, the hodge-podge of hundreds of CD-ROM standards has solidified behind the 'standard' of ATAPI CD-ROMs. This reprieve has given developers time to completely rewrite the CD-ROM driver system to be more standardized in terms of support. Small, quirky differences between the individual drivers have now all been fixed for better support.

Rewritable CD-ROMs aren't supported nearly as well as one would like, unfortunately. SCSI CD-ROMs are well done (and most IDE drives use SCSI-over-ATA, the SCSI-emulation driver). With other rewritable CD-ROMs, your mileage may vary.

Floppies are working as well as ever. There are new developments in terms of large volume floppies and it remains to be seen whether or not all of these will be supported. Those devices that communicate using ATAPI (a large number of them, actually) are already supported to some degree.

IOMEGA's zip drive, an increasingly popular storage solution, is fairly well supported under Linux 2.2. These beasts come in three versions: SCSI, ATAPI (IDE), and Parallel. Under SCSI and ATAPI, the Zip drives are supported just as any other disk would be. The parallel version of these drives actually use a sort of SCSI-over-parallel protocol that is also supported in Linux 2.2. (Other IOMEGA solutions such as DITTO drives may also be supported using the ftape drivers.)

DVD drives are already supported, to some degree, under Linux as they represent themselves largely as ATAPI drives. (SCSI DVD drives may not, but they will probably work using the excellent SCSI CD-ROM driver.) Unfortunately, this does not necessarily mean that all will be rosy in the Linux/DVD world as Linux does not currently support any DVD-centric filesystems that have been proposed nor are any user-space tools developed to display DVD movies and etc. Once the standards stabilize a bit, it is highly likely that the requisite parts will be added to the Linux kernel sometime during the 2.2.x cycle, following the initial release.

Other removable media may or may not be supported under Linux 2.2. If the device connects through the parallel port, it is possible that it is supported using one of the Parallel Port IDE device protocol modules that are included in the kernel.

6) Glorious Sounds!

At long last, the sound code has been partially rewritten to be completely modular from start to finish. Distributions will be able to more easily include generic sound support out-of-the-box for their users as well as making it easier for the rest of us to load and configure sound devices. (Especially pesky Plug-and-Play ones.) Lots of new sound devices are supported as well and it looks like this is one area where Linux will really improve in the next year.

One very notable defect here is the remaining lack of support for the PC internal speaker, if only for completeness. Then again, Windows 95/98 doesn't do it either so who am I to judge?

7) Video4Linux

Linux 2.2 now has amazing support for a growing number of TV and radio tuner cards and digital cameras. This is a truly bleeding edge addition to 2.1's roster so there may still be some outstanding issues but it is reasonable to assume that they will be fixed in time. In my humble opinion, this is just an amazing area for Linux to be in at all.

8) Back me up, Scotty!

Linux 2.2's backup and tape device subsystem has not changed much since the 2.0 release. More drivers for devices have been written, of course and substantial improvement has been made for backup devices that work off of the floppy disk controller (including the IOMEGA DITTO).

Rewritable CD-ROMs have become a popular solution for backing up data and they are supported under Linux 2.2 There are still outstanding issues in this regard, see my note above on CD-ROMs for details.

9) Joysticks, Mouse, and Input Devices

Joysticks are better supported in 2.2 including a large number of new joysticks and joysticks with an inordinate numbers of buttons. Likely, your joystick will work under Linux 2.2.

Mice in 2.2 aren't really different from mice in 2.0. (As in 2.0, there are some inconsistencies regarding mouse support that will be addressed in the future. For the most part, mouse control is provided through a daemon external to the kernel. Some mouse drivers however deliberately emulate a Microsoft standard mouse. The reasoning behind this is obvious but it would be nice if it was decided on in one way or the other.) It should be noted that, while not solely a kernel issue, mice with Microsoft's spinning wheel extension are supported in recent versions of the XFree86, Linux's most popular GUI. (However many Linux applications have not been designed to take advantage of this feature.)

Additionally, several other input devices are now supported under Linux 2.2 including some digitizer pads. If your devices emulates a mouse (as many do) then it is already supported by Linux 2.2 (and, in fact, Linux 2.0).

10) Video

Perhaps the most surprising and cutting-edge addition to the Linux kernel version 2.2 is what is called the 'frame-buffer console' driver (or 'fbcon', for short.)

Previously, the Linux kernel (for Intel-based machines) only understood and manipulated the video devices in text mode. Graphical support was to be provided by two other systems: 'svgalib' for console-based graphics, and a specialized X Server for window-based graphics. This kludgey system often required configuration information to be repeated and each system supported only a limited slice of the myriad of video devices in common use.

Since this addition is rather new, it remains to be seen whether it will truly replace the previous and long-standing duality. Unfortunately, it could be nearly a year after Linux 2.2 ships before this new system could be robust enough to support the cards and technologies that we already take for granted as working. My personal opinion is that this is the right idea, but I'm going to withhold judgment until we see exactly how far Linus and the developers decide to take this feature.

As an added side-effect of this new feature, primitive multi-heading has been added into the kernel for some devices. Currently, this is limited to some text-mode output but it is reasonable to assume that this very new addition to the Linux kernel will mature somewhat during the 2.2.x and 2.3.x cycles.

It should also be mentioned that it is now possible to remove support for 'virtual' terminals as provided by the kernel. This allows very memory-conscious people to save just a tad more.

Although unimaginable to the desktop user, Linux can now work even better on systems that do not actually include any sort of video device. In addition to being able to log in over serial or networked lines, as Linux 2.0 and previous Linuxes allowed, it is now possible to redirect all the kernel messages (usually sent to the console directly before any hardware was initialized) to a serial device.

11) Networking: Ethernet, ISDN, and the lowly modem.

I don't have a huge amount of experience here; I've been using the same network cards in all my machines for several years. But, it doesn't take an Alan Cox to see that the number of supported Ethernet and ISDN devices supported in Linux 2.2 has risen sharply. I have been told that newer solutions such as cable modems are supported, also.

My only gripe in this regard is the continued non-support of so-called 'Winmodems.' Not that I blame Linux for their absence, making modems that are 80% software is just a dumb idea anyway, but the idealist in me hopes that some day these pesky devils will be supported like their less stripped cousins.

12) Amateur Radio people are Linux people, too.

Since before Linux 2.0, Linux has been one of the few desktop OSes to include native support for computer-based amateur radio people. (Not that I actually know what that entails but it seems to be a more popular option outside the US.) Linux 2.2 adds support for NetROM and ROSE amateur radio protocols. The basic AX.25 layer has also been materially enhanced.

13) Filesystems for the World

Linux 2.2 has a wide array of new filesystems and partition types for interconnectivity. In addition, many of Linux's supported filesystems (including those I haven't listed here) have been updated with a new caching system to markedly improve performance. (In fact, not updating the drivers wasn't even an option if one wanted them included in Linux 2.2.)

For the Microsoft nut, Linux will now read NTFS (Windows NT) drives and Windows 98's FAT32 drives (also used by some later versions of Windows 95). Linux 2.2 also understands Microsoft's Joliet system for long filenames on CD-ROMs. And finally, Linux also understands a new type of extended partition that Microsoft invented. Drivers to read and write Microsoft and Stacker compressed drives are being developed but not yet included in the kernel. There is continuing work with NTFS to allow for both reading and writing, but that support is still experimental.

For Mac connectivity, a HFS driver for reading and writing Mac disks has been included. HFS+ and MFS (ancient floppy format) are not yet supported. Macintosh partition tables can now also be read by the kernel; this allows Mac SCSI disks to be mounted natively.

Sadly, OS/2 users will still not be able to write to their HPFS drives. Some updates have been made to the HPFS driver to support the new 'dcache' system but not the complete overhaul that some were hoping for. There is ongoing work outside the kernel to include read/write support in this driver but those changes did not make it into the initial release of 2.2.0.

If there are any Amiga users left (and there are), they will be pleased to know that the FFS driver has undergone some minor updates since 2.0. This is especially useful as the new generation of PPC Amigas will continue to support this format.

For connectivity to other UNIXes, Linux 2.2 has come forward in leaps and bounds. Linux 2.2 still includes the UFS filesystem which is used on BSD derived systems, including Solaris and the free versions of BSD. Linux 2.2 can now also read the partition table formats used by FreeBSD, SunOS, and Solaris. For SysV-style UNIXs, Linux 2.2 features a somewhat updated version of SysVFS. Linux 2.2 can also read the Acorn's RiscOS disks. And finally, Linux 2.2 features a somewhat updated version of the ever-popular Minix filesystem, which can be used for small drives and floppies on most UNIXes. With so many incompatible formats (and Linux 2.2 reading so many of them), it's amazing anyone ever got any work done.

In other news, support for 'extended' drives (the format used by much older versions of Linux) has been removed in favor of the 'second extended' filesystem. (This shouldn't matter to many people, 'ext2' is far superior to its predecessor.) With the increased support of initial ramdisks, a 'romfs' has been created which has very minimal overhead.

While not quite a filesystem, Linux 2.2 includes enhanced support for stretching a filesystem across several disks transparently. At present, this support can be used in RAID 0, 1, 4, and 5 modes as well as a simple linear mode.

14) Networking II: Under the Hood

On the protocol front, a lot has happened that I simply don't understand completely. The next generation Internet protocol, IPv6, has made an appearance. SPX, a compliment to IPX is new, as well. DDP, the protocol of choice for older AppleTalk networks has also been improved. And, just as you would come to expect by now, the existing protocols have been improved, as well. I only wish I had the need to use some of this stuff...

On the low-end front, not much has changed. PPP, SLIP, CSLIP, and PLIP are all still available for use. I guess some things don't need much improvement. (Although each of those drivers have been updated in one way or another.)

The list keeps going, however. Linux 2.2 will have an excellent new networking core, new tunneling code, a completely new firewalling and routing system called 'ipchains', support for limiting bandwidth consumption, and a ton more. It's just amazing. I wish I could keep track of it all. (But, who am I kidding?)

It should be noted that file and printer sharing protocols have also been improved and markedly enhanced. SMB, the protocol for accessing Windows-based shared filesystems has been somewhat improved with bugfixes and the like. If you are a fan of NetWare (some people are...), you'll be happy to know that Linux 2.2 supports a large number of improvements in this area, including access to two different kinds of NCP long file names. Trusty NFS has also been improved, both at the server level and the client level. And finally, those eggheads over at CMU have been hard at work developing the new distributed network filesystem, Coda. This filesystem supports a large number of highly-requested features including disconnected operations for laptops, an advanced cache system, and security improvements.

On somewhat of a tangent, Linux 2.2 also includes a driver which will allow one to share (and remotely mount) whole disk images over a network.

15) Not Everyone Speaks English.

Linux 2.0 is a very international OS with support for international keyboards and the like. Linux 2.2 adds to this and other internationalization features the ability to load some Microsoft/UNICODE codepages for translating filenames into Linux's native system. (Which is UTF8, another encoding of UNICODE) Currently, the only filesystems that use these translations include Microsoft's VFAT and Microsoft's Joilet ISO 9660 (CD-ROM filesystem) extension.

16) Unix98: The Next Generation

Linux 2.2 will be a more 'standard' UNIX in a number of ways. The most pronounced of these ways to the end user will be the addition of UNIX98-style Pty devices using a new filesystem (devpts) and a cloning device to provide the functionality.

17) And, finally...

In addition to those noted above, there are a large number of other drivers and things that just don't fit in anywhere but should still be noted. So, in no given order, the oddball updates of Linux 2.2:

The loopback driver, which allows disk images to be mounted and manipulated just like any regular drive, has been improved in a number of ways. Of these improvements, the most notable difference to users will be its increased support for encryption and the mounting of encrypted hard disks and disk images.

A driver for accessing your computer's CMOS memory has also been provided in Linux 2.2 which may be useful in some applications. (Sadly, a similar driver to access your BIOS's flashable RAM did not make it, it will still be necessary to boot from a DOS floppy to flash your computer's BIOS to a new version.)

And finally, in the past, Linux used a half-user/half-kernel method of loading in and out drivers (called 'modules') called 'kerneld' This method was good but inefficient. Linux 2.2 has removed kerneld and replaced it with a smaller all-kernel solution called 'kmod'.

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This is the 'revised millennium penguin' version of this document (1/26/99) and is really just a minor update over the last three final versions. Linux 2.2 is out now, so obviously no new features will be added and I should be safe.

As always, I can be reached at jpranevich@lycos.com.

Thank you, and Good Night.

Joseph Pranevich

Index Mode   |   Flat Mode   |   Thread Mode   |   Thread Flat     Talkback(s) Name  and Date   Later Revisions    Joseph Pranevich Oct 19, 1998, 10:09:38     flashable RAM    Leszek Gerwatowski Oct 19, 1998, 10:37:25     Misc Comments    Alan Cox Dec 19, 1998, 19:03:54     initial ramdisk support    Michael Redinger Oct 19, 1998, 11:02:50     UFS    Michael Lankton Oct 19, 1998, 11:20:25     Did the (uncached) raw disk access get in?    Tomi Sarvela Oct 19, 1998, 12:13:54     PC Speaker support    David Woodhouse Oct 19, 1998, 12:59:07     What bits are funneled?    John McNulty Oct 19, 1998, 13:11:31     mtrr support    Raph Levien Oct 19, 1998, 13:58:42     time    Kevin Jan 30, 1999, 01:36:07     comment    Jesper Rasmussen Oct 19, 1998, 15:36:21     two minor (FS) nitpicks..    Tallam, Ajay Oct 19, 1998, 19:09:01     Filesystems and rm?    George Talbot Oct 19, 1998, 20:10:44     Promise Ultra ATA    Cyrus Ghafari Oct 19, 1998, 20:44:42     File undelete    Wade Bowmer Oct 19, 1998, 20:53:25     5MB RAM for booting?    Axel Boldt Oct 19, 1998, 21:17:45     Journaled filesystem?    Sebastian Bunka Oct 23, 1998, 09:15:13     SMP Performance    Joe Barr Oct 20, 1998, 09:46:12     Linux 2.2 and Digitizer Pads    Steve Gilliard Oct 20, 1998, 13:38:37     Large files?    Ruth Milner Oct 20, 1998, 16:55:43     touchpad scroll area    Bart Locanthi Oct 21, 1998, 10:29:19     Windows Printersupport    Leo Hordijk Oct 22, 1998, 07:55:58     Drowning in a sea of info    Edward Ganshirt Oct 28, 1998, 12:21:38     games    frely Nov 17, 1998, 00:38:45     Linux    Leon Hodiamont Dec 1, 1998, 12:15:20     streams    harry zijlmans Dec 7, 1998, 06:01:53     Can I?    Khajohnsak Dec 11, 1998, 10:27:29     What about THREADS ?    Oleg Jan 18, 1999, 13:26:58     Re: games    Haifen Jan 18, 1999, 22:48:04     Re: Windows Printersupport    David Pendell Jan 19, 1999, 08:46:35     Re: Windows Printersupport    Jeff Stein Jan 21, 1999, 08:38:39     Re: What about THREADS ?    Ben Bridgwater Jan 21, 1999, 12:31:21     Why Doubtful?    sphealey Jan 21, 1999, 12:57:10     Re: What about THREADS ?    Buz Cory Jan 24, 1999, 23:39:29     full duplex audio?    erik olson Jan 21, 1999, 17:32:32     PCMCIA- Cardbus    Ben Moir Jan 21, 1999, 19:46:17     re: full duplex audio?    Kevin Pesce Jan 22, 1999, 14:27:13     Re: Filesystems and rm?    Jim Dennis Jan 22, 1999, 17:36:11     Re: File undelete    Jim Dennis Jan 22, 1999, 17:36:11     Security/Privileges (so-called "Capabilities")    Jim Dennis Jan 22, 1999, 17:36:11     Let's show some gratitude, okay?    Jon Ralphenson Jan 22, 1999, 18:19:17     compressed filesystems    Ferdinand Gassauer Jan 23, 1999, 05:56:54     USB    David P. Clark Jan 23, 1999, 16:14:43     One more thing...DiskTools    David P. Clark Jan 23, 1999, 16:14:43     Various Things..    Mike Hicks Jan 29, 1999, 11:54:48     Linux    ThyaguRajan Jan 24, 1999, 02:25:14     My Compliments!    George R. Monroe Jan 24, 1999, 09:18:19     Linux kernel for 8086/8088/80286?    Mike Webb Jan 24, 1999, 13:46:31     Basic security issues    I.B. Jan 25, 1999, 07:34:06     Re: PCMCIA- Cardbus    Jose Santiago Jan 25, 1999, 09:41:04     Re: Basic security issues    Scott K. Ellis Jan 25, 1999, 12:57:59     Winmodems    Brant Callahan Jan 25, 1999, 12:26:15     Alternative OS    Ed Jan 25, 1999, 13:15:04     UFS/NEXTSTEP intel    Frederic Stark Jan 25, 1999, 17:50:29     Re: Basic security issues    Bryan B Jan 25, 1999, 22:56:02     Re: Basic security issues    Carsten Svaneborg Jan 26, 1999, 07:19:00     Re: What about THREADS ?    Jeff Jan 26, 1999, 08:19:38     Gaming Video & Multiprocessor    Ed Belch Jan 26, 1999, 10:23:37     Re: compressed filesystems    Dave Magda Jan 26, 1999, 10:52:14     Re: Linux kernel for 8086/8088/80286?    Julien Vermillard Jan 26, 1999, 10:51:57     Re: Gaming Video & Multiprocessor    Julien Vermillard Jan 26, 1999, 10:51:57     Re: Basic security issues    Dave Magda Jan 26, 1999, 10:52:14     Re: Gaming Video & Multiprocessor    Darin Johnson Jan 26, 1999, 18:51:15     Re: Basic security issues    Brendan Rankin Jan 26, 1999, 19:12:28     New routing code - pray to god    grin Jan 26, 1999, 21:08:58     Re: Re: Linux kernel for 8086/8088/80286?    Hans Persson Jan 27, 1999, 05:57:00     4GB memory support ?    Richard Cownie Jan 27, 1999, 09:46:05     Re: Re: What about THREADS ?    Ian Jan 27, 1999, 11:30:53     Terratec XLerate PCI    Jisv Jan 27, 1999, 12:39:45     Re: Re: Re: What about THREADS ?    Aaron Myers Jan 28, 1999, 11:00:11     Kernel 2.2.0    Tom Danzig Jan 28, 1999, 12:01:05     Mwave drivers for Linux?    Jonathan Ellison Jan 28, 1999, 22:46:55     ext2fs    kevin Jan 30, 1999, 01:36:07     Upgrading assistance    Adam Wenclewicz Jan 30, 1999, 12:52:58     Re: Re: Re: What about THREADS ?    Mark Wigzell Jan 31, 1999, 03:07:48     Support for TNT cards in Xwindows yet?    Marco Feb 1, 1999, 05:04:07     Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows yet?    Jan Bakker Feb 1, 1999, 08:14:09     Plug and Play    Ken Xu Feb 1, 1999, 12:34:58     Sound Blaster Live    Peter Roux Feb 1, 1999, 15:58:11     turtle beach soundcard    John Gotti Feb 2, 1999, 00:27:28     Re: Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows yet?    Joel Nicklasson Feb 3, 1999, 06:56:23     Re: Re: Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows yet&    Jay Ashworth Feb 2, 1999, 17:40:16     Re: Re: Re: Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows    Joel Nicklasson Feb 3, 1999, 06:56:23     sound    Lindivat Marc Feb 3, 1999, 18:06:11     Support for FIRE GL PRO?    Cam Church Feb 4, 1999, 08:44:03     Re: Support for FIRE GL PRO?    Kevin Farlee Feb 4, 1999, 15:19:59     Kernel Stability    A.P. Russo Feb 5, 1999, 00:38:49     Kernel 2.2.0 Shared memory    Jens Wenske Feb 5, 1999, 03:40:09     Misc Support    Cognac Feb 6, 1999, 01:28:12     Re: Kernel 2.2.0 Shared memory    David Schwartz Feb 7, 1999, 16:47:53     Re: What about THREADS ?    David Schwartz Feb 7, 1999, 16:45:50     www.linux.org not working    Lev Feb 7, 1999, 13:49:22     Linux as a Server    Shashank Garg Feb 8, 1999, 22:21:56     Video signal    Filippo Rame Feb 9, 1999, 03:27:24     Kernel 2.2.0    Dr. S.K. Singh Feb 9, 1999, 05:02:41     Remote mount    Philip Hayes Feb 11, 1999, 13:26:50     AMD K6 Sig11 bug    Vlad Kozlovsky Feb 12, 1999, 09:54:13     Re: www.linux.org not working    Mike Nugent Feb 12, 1999, 15:28:53     Linux Kernel 2.2    Almir Jakubaitis Feb 13, 1999, 16:32:20     HP EPST Parallel SCSI Adapter    Troy Curless Feb 13, 1999, 16:53:59     Re: Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows yet?    David Millican Feb 13, 1999, 19:54:52     Re: Re: Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows yet&    Fredrik Johansson Feb 15, 1999, 09:15:42     3D Accellerator Support    Armando Ortiz Feb 15, 1999, 15:56:52     Re: Re: What about THREADS ?    phil lindsay Feb 17, 1999, 01:03:26     Re: Did the (uncached) raw disk access get in?    phil lindsay Feb 17, 1999, 01:06:13     Video Conferencing/CAM options?    phil lindsay Feb 17, 1999, 01:08:05     *** NO SUBJECT ***    Benjamin Lim Feb 18, 1999, 09:42:26     Creative 64 PCI support?    Jorge Retuerta Feb 19, 1999, 04:21:36     Re: Filesystems and rm?    Feb 19, 1999, 22:14:18     3DFX Voodoo rush    Naor Bar-Uzi Feb 20, 1999, 05:54:03     Re: Creative 64 PCI support?    Sheldon Gullason Feb 21, 1999, 17:34:42     Linux on SH3/SH4 based systems    richard union Feb 22, 1999, 12:20:25     Threads    Feb 22, 1999, 22:14:05     Linux in general    Davis Bennett Feb 22, 1999, 21:14:44     French version (version française)    Nat Feb 23, 1999, 03:34:30     Intelli Mouse    Ertan Tike Feb 23, 1999, 06:05:55     Re: 3DFX Voodoo rush    Darnell Feb 23, 1999, 14:03:26     Re: Linux kernel for 8086/8088/80286? YES    mark Feb 23, 1999, 15:22:09     Re: Basic security issues    Caleb Shay Feb 24, 1999, 13:18:30     Opti 931 ??    Satish K. Pagare Feb 25, 1999, 12:06:51     stat.d and lock.d    Zebee Johnstone Feb 25, 1999, 18:31:03     Re: Let's show some gratitude, okay?    Shrinath Rajadnya Feb 25, 1999, 23:35:18     Re: 4GB memory support ?    Shrinath Rajadnya Feb 25, 1999, 23:45:00     Re: Linux as a Server    Shrinath Rajadnya Feb 25, 1999, 23:59:37     LINUX 2.2.0 new addtions    Surendra Battu Feb 27, 1999, 11:04:05     Re: Re: Re: What about THREADS ?    Lavrentios Servissoglou Mar 1, 1999, 09:50:49     Existing DOS/Win3*/Win9* apps    Mark Steel Mar 1, 1999, 12:06:49     Re: Re: What about THREADS ?    Charles Burnaford Mar 1, 1999, 12:25:44     help    mark mowry Mar 1, 1999, 22:31:59     Matrox G200    oyvind andersen Mar 2, 1999, 01:23:03     Re: Re: Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows yet&    Kon Wilms Mar 2, 1999, 13:51:42     Does the 2.2.2 patch include 2.2.1 and 2.2.0?    Alexander Ferguson Mar 2, 1999, 16:58:24     Problems compiling 2.2.2    Tom Plagge Mar 3, 1999, 02:21:47     USB    alex Mar 3, 1999, 07:22:24     Re: Existing DOS/Win3*/Win9* apps    Nick Bourne Mar 3, 1999, 11:18:14     reg. download linux    pankaj Mar 4, 1999, 04:06:07     What is the largest IDE Drive Linex can handle?    Charles Brunelle Mar 5, 1999, 02:28:23     S3 Trio3d video cards suport?    Joege Suit Perez Ronda Mar 5, 1999, 11:25:26     STREAMS for Linux    R Sriram Mar 8, 1999, 01:08:19     Re: What is the largest IDE Drive Linex can handle    winnie Buechert Mar 8, 1999, 12:00:32     Webcam/scanner (paralel versions)    Arnoud van Leenen Mar 8, 1999, 16:41:07     S3 Savage 3D with Xwindow    Renze Hasper Mar 9, 1999, 06:43:30     Support of Oak 6400    Pratik Jhanb Mar 9, 1999, 12:17:14     Re: 3DFX Voodoo rush    Sir Wally Mar 10, 1999, 22:05:12     Diamond Monster Sound MX300 Support    Piers Bray Mar 12, 1999, 23:43:01     Re: PCMCIA- Cardbus    David Mac Mar 23, 1999, 13:38:36     Where is /dev/video?    Neil Kolban Mar 14, 1999, 00:42:45     Re: Basic security issues    Jesse Weigert Mar 14, 1999, 18:34:31     Redhat 5.2 install to Alpha    Nua Nicaj Mar 15, 1999, 22:28:27     STB / Nitro 64 Cirrus Logic chipset    Nua Nicaj Mar 15, 1999, 22:37:02     Internationalization    Takashi Michibata Mar 16, 1999, 04:43:03     Re: Matrox G200    KaRiM BENJELLOUN Mar 16, 1999, 20:28:34     Re: STB / Nitro 64 Cirrus Logic chipset    Nua Nicaj Mar 16, 1999, 22:21:47     Asus 3D explorer Nvida Riva support for composite    Tanovich Branko Mar 17, 1999, 05:28:39     Adaptec ?7895    John Zaitsev Mar 18, 1999, 21:35:25     Re: S3 Trio3d video cards suport?    philburt Mar 19, 1999, 10:09:43     Re: Promise Ultra ATA    thomas Mar 21, 1999, 07:31:21     What About Threads?    Ahmad Bilal Mar 21, 1999, 13:41:35     Re: Gaming Video & Multiprocessor    Anton Laurio Mar 21, 1999, 19:24:39     support for PCI modem    Marco Mar 22, 1999, 11:20:17     Re: Basic security issues    Marc Dukes Mar 22, 1999, 13:46:21     Re: Existing DOS/Win3*/Win9* apps    Christian Steinruecken Mar 23, 1999, 14:27:18     THREADS ! Kernel Limit ?    Leonardo Linden Mar 24, 1999, 06:52:52     NTFS filesystem support---Yippy Yi Hoo!!!    Newton Agrawal Mar 24, 1999, 22:47:46     Re: Re: What is the largest IDE Drive Linux can ha    Jason Quartarone Mar 25, 1999, 15:43:27     Threads, Preemption, and Reentrant Code (was What    Jason Quartarone Mar 25, 1999, 15:56:28     Re: S3 Savage 3D with Xwindow    Philip Mar 28, 1999, 03:30:37     Linux 6.0 to 6.1??    Eiko Hasemann Mar 29, 1999, 06:36:46     Re: Linux 6.0 to 6.1??    Holger Huckfeldt Mar 30, 1999, 03:21:43     USB is priority    Victor Rossetti Mar 31, 1999, 18:01:10     K6 write combination    Richard Kolb Apr 1, 1999, 12:12:28     Re: Re: Re: Re: Support for TNT cards in Xwindows    Trevor Harrison Apr 2, 1999, 16:37:36     Re: USB    W.Narr Apr 6, 1999, 08:52:02     ALI V or Ali 1541/43    Jan Hill Apr 8, 1999, 07:57:23     AVM Fritz!PCI - Supported by 2.2 Kernel?    Gunter Nagel Apr 8, 1999, 16:24:22     linux on AMD K6    Liu Siwei Apr 11, 1999, 07:13:35     Support for Supra Express 56k?    Koen Romkens Apr 12, 1999, 09:26:53     LINUX LOGGING INTO NT DOMAIN    Tim Witthoeft Apr 12, 1999, 20:09:09     Re: Re: 4GB memory support ?    John Apr 13, 1999, 08:22:59     Soundblaster Live Value sound card    David P. Clark Apr 13, 1999, 15:37:29     Re: Re: Existing DOS/Win3*/Win9* apps    Lars Stea Apr 15, 1999, 07:42:14     Printers    Bing Wang Apr 15, 1999, 13:36:17     Creative Blaster Riva TNT    Jean-Michel Asmus Apr 15, 1999, 14:18:24     Re: Linux    Charly Liberty Apr 15, 1999, 20:48:24     Re: Support for FIRE GL PRO?    SEB24 Apr 16, 1999, 07:15:38     Re: 3D Accellerator Support    seb24 Apr 16, 1999, 07:19:13     nice information on Linux    Steven Yangdianto Apr 17, 1999, 05:11:00     Hot swapable devices    E. Traas Apr 17, 1999, 07:32:34     LS 120    Bill Wyatt Apr 19, 1999, 07:05:56     Transfer Rates    Jaume Badiella Apr 19, 1999, 15:33:36     access denied for root!?!    Henry Kruuskopf Apr 20, 1999, 01:49:56     CONFIG_IP_ACCT    Taco IJsselmuiden Apr 20, 1999, 11:53:20     Re: S3 Savage 3D with Xwindow    Gerd the Nerd Apr 22, 1999, 08:03:29     SoundBlaster 64 PCI support?    David Millican Apr 22, 1999, 12:54:50     Re: Re: games    Dusty Lloyd Apr 22, 1999, 15:22:37     How about UDF filesystem?    Corne Beerse Apr 23, 1999, 06:54:52     What's gonna happen next time?    Regis Leclerc Apr 23, 1999, 16:41:11     Re: Soundblaster Live Value sound card    regis leclerc Apr 23, 1999, 16:46:44     Re: access denied for root!?!    regis leclerc Apr 23, 1999, 16:51:26     Xfb Server    Krishnamoorthy Sreedharan Apr 26, 1999, 03:29:04     WOW! THIS IS GREAT    T.R.Shashwath Apr 27, 1999, 12:13:03     SyQuest    Robert Chris Apr 28, 1999, 05:51:58     Linux    Uwe Haferland Apr 28, 1999, 15:02:04     SOUND DRIVERS & Ethernet Drivers.    Chris Apr 29, 1999, 21:29:05     Re: Re: Re: What about THREADS ?    Dennis Newbold Apr 29, 1999, 21:57:36     1394 Firewire / DV/MPEG2    Herb Biber Apr 30, 1999, 02:15:03     Re: Xfb Server    Popo Apr 30, 1999, 08:15:36     great !!!!    popo Apr 30, 1999, 08:17:47     agp support?    alleycat Apr 30, 1999, 22:19:50     Linux + win 98 samba how ?    Michael Madsen May 1, 1999, 18:10:06     Voodoo Banshee    Dusty May 2, 1999, 03:25:19     FS devtype?    Stefan Koehler May 5, 1999, 04:13:43     Re: 3DFX Voodoo rush    Mike Moulton May 5, 1999, 16:45:40     Max. Memory support in kernel 2.2.5    cobra May 6, 1999, 11:48:46     Wonderful World of Linux    Alan Crabb May 6, 1999, 12:12:24     Re: Re: What is the largest IDE Drive Linex can ha    Sean Peck May 9, 1999, 12:04:20     Re: Sound Blaster Live    Tracy Fitch May 10, 1999, 11:08:58     Re: Soundblaster Live Value sound card    Tracy Fitch May 10, 1999, 11:13:04     SCO unix openserver 5.0.5    Jeffrey Kane May 12, 1999, 08:52:07     AMDK6 sig11 bug    Robert Aldridge May 12, 1999, 13:22:57     Necesito ayuda    Alex May 13, 1999, 18:46:46     Linux >2.0.36 on AMDK6 II (350)    Martijn Weterings May 15, 1999, 05:28:06     Re: Creative Blaster Riva TNT    Ralph Chrobock May 17, 1999, 08:51:09     Re: Re: Re: 4GB memory support ?    Ed Blosch May 17, 1999, 21:42:55     IRC and DCC under 2.2    Davy Harris May 18, 1999, 09:54:45     Re: Linux >2.0.36 on AMDK6 II (350)    Zastereo May 18, 1999, 10:29:35     Re: Let's show some gratitude, okay?    Al Waltrip May 18, 1999, 17:19:26     Ref:chinese Linux    samuel kong May 18, 1999, 22:58:23     Re: Re: Linux >2.0.36 on AMDK6 II (350)    Reda May 19, 1999, 04:08:24     linux interface    Eleanor May 20, 1999, 10:52:11     IBM Thinkpad    Jakob Holst May 20, 1999, 14:45:14     fasttrak raid controler    Tedius May 20, 1999, 17:38:33     Re: UFS's not Solaris    John Williams May 22, 1999, 22:32:37     AMD processors and Linux-2.2    G.Sub May 23, 1999, 12:17:09     Installing new programs    G.Sub May 23, 1999, 12:21:42     Re: PC Speaker support    r May 23, 1999, 18:32:54     creative es137x (not 1370 or 1371)    Lorenzo May 25, 1999, 09:15:26     FireWire    Wolfgang Lepke May 25, 1999, 09:21:32     question    srikars May 27, 1999, 12:07:54     Ati AGP    Jeremy Waldrop May 27, 1999, 18:40:29     Re: creative es137x (not 1370 or 1371)    Wolfgang Fritz Jun 2, 1999, 01:36:35     ATI Xpert 16mb Rage 128 AGP Card???    Raj Jun 2, 1999, 02:42:03     Re: UFS/NEXTSTEP intel    Andre Louw Jun 4, 1999, 03:06:52     Requiero Informacion    Jhon Jun 5, 1999, 12:51:28     Scanner Paralel versions    Jaime Jun 8, 1999, 09:41:48     ATI rage fury128 AGP??????    Fred Gaspoz Jun 8, 1999, 17:05:16     Re: What about THREADS ?    Frithjof Anders Jun 21, 1999, 12:07:55     Re: ATI rage fury128 AGP?????&    Nathan Kirk Jun 25, 1999, 16:49:45     Secure set-uid #!script launch    Martin D Kealey Jun 30, 1999, 02:12:28     What about Linux's driver Genius GF100TXM?    Rash Jul 1, 1999, 06:49:40     Re: linux interface    Peter Metz Jul 1, 1999, 19:52:26     IRIX apps on Linux?    Peter Metz Jul 1, 1999, 19:56:14     download Linux    costas Jul 18, 1999, 22:34:12     comments    John Whitt Jul 26, 1999, 11:45:12     Re: agp support?    szh Jul 29, 1999, 12:51:12     AVM FritzCard PCMCIA    Stefan Klemz Aug 11, 1999, 17:45:39     help    JOEL WILSON Aug 18, 1999, 21:49:44     Re: What about THREADS ?    kevin macdonald Aug 21, 1999, 05:35:40     Help with Turtle Beach Montego II    Todd Marshall Sep 14, 1999, 05:57:11     PROMISE ULTRA66 CONTOLLER    Richi Hilber Sep 30, 1999, 16:56:59     How to install Kernal 2.2.2????    Mat Booth Oct 1, 1999, 19:22:49     S3 Savage 4 Pro 32MB support    Frank L Oct 6, 1999, 08:13:34     Xfree (ATI Rage128 AGP)    Steinar Andersen Oct 12, 1999, 22:02:53     Multicast    julius Oct 29, 1999, 14:18:50     SMP With AMDK6-2 uP's    Ahmed S. Ceder Nov 13, 1999, 21:34:19     kmalloc more than 128K?    dan Jan 1, 2000, 23:36:30     cyrix media-gx with x-windows    Joseph Jan 3, 2000, 07:40:25     Re sound card    Doug Jan 3, 2000, 19:24:01     cap_bset symbol    Arturo Olvera Jan 9, 2000, 09:48:27     Turtle Beach Montego II A3D    Rajeh Jan 13, 2000, 21:30:24     Re: Alternative OS    vox1962 Feb 14, 2000, 14:03:56     Turtle Beach Montego II A3D    Roy Feb 15, 2000, 17:49:06     Re: Re: Creative 64 PCI support?    sel Feb 15, 2000, 20:39:14     Re: Terratec XLerate PCI    Andreas Feb 16, 2000, 17:57:12     NDC 10/100 PCI Ethernet Install    Gavin Feb 19, 2000, 16:05:13     High capacity floppies (LS-120)    Dennis Clark Mar 18, 2000, 21:15:41     video support for the Intel 810 chipset    Vernon Stilwell Apr 1, 2000, 23:16:03     compatibility with windows apps?    Craig de Stigter Jul 24, 2000, 04:17:52     applications    Marcelo Nov 1, 2000, 05:41:16     Support of Oak    Michael Anderson Nov 3, 2000, 21:10:00     Driver for S3 Savage 4pro for Linux Redhat 7.0    Usha Sharma Mar 26, 2001, 08:47:18     installation    Ricardo Bocanegra Apr 3, 2001, 13:00:41     Help With WinModens    Lauro Jr. Oct 2, 2001, 05:11:56     Basics    Jerry Johnson Nov 23, 2001, 06:36:03     First Linux version    Epidrome@gmx.de May 11, 2002, 01:01:22     I have a Drawingslate II working in FC2    León van de Pavert Feb 20, 2005, 01:42:22     Home | Search Talkbacks | Customize View    Top of Page   Enter your comments below: * Your Name: * Your Email Address: * Subject: CC: [will also send this talkback to an E-Mail address] * Comments: Tags allowed:<I>,<B> and <U>. 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